Sunday, June 8, 2025

immigration man - part 2

 

Immigration Man" is a song written by Graham Nash and recorded by David Crosby and Graham Nash, released as a single in March 1972. It was the lead single for the duo's debut album, Graham Nash David Crosby. It peaked at No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100, and is their only Top 40 hit as a duo.

Nash wrote "Immigration Man" about an unfortunate moment he had with a U.S. Customs official when he tried to enter the country. The customs official held him up interminably, and soon people started coming up to Nash for his autograph. When that happened, Nash was allowed to go through, but he remained angry with the treatment he received.

"I'm not against local colour," Nash explained in discussing the song, "but why should you fight me just because you speak differently than I do?" Nash also explained why he chose a picture of the earth from space for the cover of the sheet music for "Immigration Man." "When you look at a photograph of the earth you don't see any borders. That realisation is where our hope as a planet lies." Nash himself became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1978.

Record World said that "there's a message in this lyric, but the overall sound will be more important" and that the "harmonies stand out”

If you would like to hear the song again, here it is:

Immigration Man (Remastered Version)

Throughout our nation’s history, we have had an uneasy relationships with immigrants.

I have written numerous stories about immigrants, but this is the one that was inspired by Graham Nash:

https://tohell-andback.blogspot.com/2011/11/immigration-man.html

Even before he was elected, Trump promised the largest deportation plan in our nation’s history. Apart from the fact that a large number of people employed in agriculture, hospitality, and construction industries are not legal immigrants, Trump plan would be horribly expensive.

 

Former President Donald Trump has vowed, if he's elected, to conduct a large-scale deportation operation that some immigration and military experts agree is theoretically possible but also problematic, and could cost tens -- even hundreds -- of billions a year.

In FY 2023, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers conducted 170,590 administrative arrests, representing a 19.5% increase over the previous year, and more than any year of the Trump presidency.

Should he win a second term, Trump has promised to exponentially increase this work and suggested deporting all of the estimated 11 million people living in this country without legal immigration status.

His team, at various points, has suggested starting with "criminals," though they have provided few specifics about who would be prioritized.

new report from the American Immigration Council, an immigration rights research and policy firm, estimates that to deport even one million undocumented immigrants a year would cost over $88 billion dollars annually, for a total of $967.9 billion over more than ten years.

The report acknowledges there are significant cost variables depending on how such an operation would be conducted and says its estimate does not take into account the loss of tax revenue from workers nor the bigger economic loss if people self-deport and American businesses lose labor.

A one-time effort to deport even more people in one year annually could cost around $315 billion, the report estimates, including about $167 billion to detain immigrants en masse.

The two largest costs, according to the group, would be hiring additional personal to carry out deportation raids and constructing and staffing mass detention centers. "There would be no way to accomplish this mission without mass detention as an interim step," the report reads.

Trump campaign official agree one of the biggest logistical hurdles in any mass deportation effort would be constructing and staffing new detention centers as an interim solution.

Stephen Miller, a senior adviser to Trump, has repeatedly said that should Trump win the White House, his team plans to construct facilities to hold between 50,000 – 70,000 people. By comparison, the entire U.S. prison and jail population in 2022, comprising every person held in local, county, state, and federal . The American Immigration Council report estimates that to deport one million immigrants a year would require the United States to "build and maintain 24 times more ICE detention capacity than currently exists."

There are currently an estimated 1.1 million undocumented immigrants in the country who have received "final orders of removal." Those individuals, in theory, could be removed immediately by ICE agents, but because of limited resources ICE agents have instead focused lately on those people who have recently arrived or who have dangerous crimes

"I think it is possible that they could execute on this. The human resources would be the hardest for them to overcome. They would have to pull ICE agents from the border if they want to go into cities," Katie Tobin, a scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace who served as President Joe Biden's top migration adviser in the National Security Council, told ABC News.

ICE agents currently help Customs and Border Patrol agents on the border, carrying out expedited deportations of new arrivals who have recently crossed into the country illegally and provide logistical support to the Department of Homeland Security.

A new mandate to round up and deport individuals who have been living in the country for some time could mark a significant change for the law enforcement agency.

The American Immigration Council report estimates that to carry out even one million deportations a year, ICE would need to hire around 30,000 new officers, "instantly making it the largest law enforcement agency in the federal government," the report reads.

 

Trump campaign: Deportation cost less than migrant costs

The Trump campaign has argued the cost of deportation "pales in comparison" to other costs associated housing and providing social services to recent migrants. "Kamala's border invasion is unsustainable and is already tearing apart the fabric of our society. Mass deportations of illegal immigrant criminals, and restoring an orderly immigration system, are the only way to solve this crisis," Karoline Leavitt, national press secretary for Trump's campaign, told ABC News in a statement.

Trump has promised to mobilize and federalize National Guard units to help with the deportation effort, which would likely be a first for the military.

Under U.S. law, military units are barred from engaging in domestic law enforcement, although Trump has proposed invoking the Insurrection Act, a sweeping law, that could give him broader powers to direct National Guard units as he sees fit.

(Courts have recently ruled that the Insurrection Act cannot be used to deport people to other countries )

"We don't like uniform military in our domestic affairs at all," William Banks, professor at Syracuse University and Founding Director of the Institute on National Security and Counter Terrorism, told ABC News in a phone interview. "The default is always have the civilians do it. The cops, the state police, the city police, the sheriffs," he went on.

Using the military for domestic law enforcement would be a fundamental shift, one which Banks argues too few Americans have considered or grappled with.

"It would turn out whole society upside down … all these arguments about him being an autocrat or dictator, it is not a stretch," he said. For example, uniformed military officers are not trained in law enforcement and if they were asked to conduct civilian arrests there could be significant civil liberties conflicts and violations.

In order to, target and deport immigrants whose have not received "final orders of removal" but whose cases are still pending, Trump has discussed using another rare legal maneuver to himself broad authority to target and detain immigrants without a hearing, specifically invoking the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, a wartime law last used during World War II to detain Japanese Americans.

Trump would also need other nations to accept deported individuals and allow deportation flights to land back on their soil.

Katie Tobin, a scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace who served as President Joe Biden's top migration adviser on the National Security Council, told ABC News, “Last time the Trump administration did not hesitate to threaten punitive action to countries that didn’t cooperate with them on immigration, but there are some practical issues there in terms of just how many flights a country like Guatemala or Colombia can accept per week.”

There would likely be less tangible and more indirect costs of a mass deportation effort as well. Inevitably there would be ripple effects throughout the economy. In 2022 alone, undocumented immigrant households paid $46.8 billion in federal taxes and $29.3 billion in state and local taxes, according to the report, and "undocumented immigrants also contributed $22.6 billion to Social Security and $5.7 billion to Medicare."

The human toll

Experts also predict that if a future Trump administration were to follow through with some large, initial and highly visible deportation operation, a significant number of individuals and families would likely choose to self-deport in order to avoid family separations or having to spend time in a military-style detention center.

The authors of the American Immigration Council report argue that the effect of a mass deportation program, as described by Trump and his advisers, would "almost certainly threaten the well-being" of even those immigrants with lawful status in the United States and "even, potentially, naturalized U.S. citizens and their communities."

"They would live under the shadow of weaponized enforcement as the U.S. went after their neighbors, and, as social scientists found under the Trump administration, would be prone to worry they and their children might be next," the report says.

In recent interviews and conversations with reporters, Trump's running mate Ohio Sen. JD Vance has dodged the question of whether a future Trump administration would separate families during a new deportation effort or in detention centers along the border.

"If a guy commits gun violence and is taken to prison, that's family separation, which, of course, is tragic for the children, but you've got to prosecute criminals, and you have to enforce the law," Vance told reporters in September when visiting the border.

https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-mass-deportation-program-cost/story?id=115318034

ICE has been increasingly brazen about its attempts to deport people.

BREAKING NEWS:

President Trump ordered at least 2,000 National Guard troops on Saturday to be deployed in Los Angeles County to help quell two days of protests against recent raids on workplaces looking for undocumented immigrants.

(It is illegal to use military forces for domestic law enforcement)

Any demonstration that got in the way of immigration officials would be considered a “form of rebellion,” Mr. Trump said. His order was an extraordinary escalation that puts Los Angeles squarely at the center of tensions over his administration’s immigration crackdown. Gov. Gavin Newsom of California said it was “purposefully inflammatory and will only escalate tensions.”

The protests on Saturday in downtown Los Angeles and the city of Paramount, about 16 miles south of Los Angeles, were the second consecutive day of demonstrations. In some cases, law enforcement officers used rubber bullets and flash bang grenades against the protesters.

The raids appear to be part of a new phase of the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown, with officials saying they will increasingly focus on workplaces. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers arrested 121 immigrants across Los Angeles on Friday, according to a Department of Homeland Security official who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

The police had said earlier in the day that demonstrations in the city were peaceful. Some of the protests in other areas on Saturday were in Paramount, a city about 16 miles south of downtown Los Angeles that has a large Latino population, were more confrontational.

Demonstrators in some cases clashed with law enforcement officers. Some hurled rocks at police officers, who responded with flash-bang grenades and rubber bullets. The Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department said protesters exhibited “violent behavior” and that “intervention became necessary.”

If you need any more reason to protest our immigration policies, consider these pictures:

The first picture was taken in Selman, Alabama in 1965:


The next picture was taken in Los Angeles this week:





 

 

Wednesday, May 21, 2025

democracy dies in darkness

 

Jeff Bezos was the richest man in the world from 2017 to 2021. Although he has since been bested by Elon Musk, his net worth is still very formidable, at $220.9 billion, making him the 3rd richest man in the world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos

The bulk of his fortune comes from Amazon, which he founded in 1994, but he also has other investments. Among those investments is the venerable Washington Post, which was founded in 1877. Since its founding, the Post has won 76 Pulitzer Prizes, second only to the New York Times.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post

Bezos bought the paper in 2013 for $250 million,

Bezos said he has a vision that recreates "the 'daily ritual' of reading the Post as a bundle, not merely a series of individual stories..." He has been described as a "hands-off owner", holding teleconference calls with executive editor Martin Baron every two weeks. Bezos appointed Fred Ryan (founder and CEO of Politico) to serve as publisher and chief executive officer. This signaled Bezos' intent to shift the Post to a more digital focus with a national and global readership.[

In January 2025, editorial cartoonist Ann Telnaes resigned from The Washington Post and published a blog post titled "Why I'm quitting the Washington Post". In it, Telnaes criticizes the paper for allegedly refusing to run a cartoon critical of the relationship between American billionaires and President Donald Trump. Telnaes called the decision "dangerous for a free press". Telnaes' blog post and the nature of her cartoon sparked conversations about the paper's ownership under Bezos.

Her cartoon can be viewed in the link below:

https://anntelnaes.substack.com/p/why-im-quitting-the-washington-post


In February 2025, Bezos announced that the opinion section of the Post will give voice only to opinions that support "personal liberties" and "free markets"; but divergent opinions will not be published by the Post.The Post’s opinion editor, resigned after trying to persuade Jeff Bezos to reconsider the new direction. Within two days of the announcement, it was reported that over 75,000 digital subscribers had canceled their subscriptions. In March, Ruth Marcus, columnist and editor for The Washington Post's opinion section, resigned after 40 years with the organization when the paper's publisher, Will Lewis, killed a column she wrote that was critical of the new direction

In February 2017, the Post adopted the slogan "Democracy Dies in Darkness" for its masthead.

In February 2025, Jeff Bezos announced that the paper's opinion pages would endorse "personal liberties and free markets" to the exclusion of other views. According to the NPR, the announcement suggested the Post was adopting a libertarian line.

Political endorsements

 Immediately prior to the 2024 election, the editorial board planned to endorse Kamala Harris – but Bezos told them not to. Pressure from its billionaire owner also cause the Los Angeles Times to follow the example set by the Washington Post.

 Ann Telnaes was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1960. She was graduated from Reno High School in Reno, Nevada in 1979. She became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1973 and is also a former citizen of Norway.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Telnaes

Awards

 Telnaes is the second female cartoonist and one of the few freelancers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. She was the first woman to receive both the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning and the Reuben Award.

She also has won numerous other awards:

·         1996

·         Best Cartoonist, The Population Institute XVII Global Media Awards

·         Best Editorial Cartoonist, Sixth Annual Environmental Media Awards

·         Reuben Award (National Cartoonists Society), finalist

·         1997 — National Headliner Award for Editorial Cartoons

·         2001 — Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning

·         2002 — Maggie Award for Editorial Cartoons, now known as The Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) Media Excellence Awards

·         2003 — Clifford K. and James T. Berryman Award (National Press Foundation)

·         2011 — Herblock Prize, finalist

·         2015 — Great Immigrants Award from Carnegie Corporation of New York[20]

·         2016 — Reuben Award, winner 

·         2021 — EWK Prize, winner

·         2022 — Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary, finalist

·         2023 — Herblock Prize, winner

·         2025 — Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary

As of today, America is still a democracy – but just barely. It would be more accurate to call is an oligarchy, which is why Bennie Sanders and AOC launched an oligarchy route in March.

President-elect Donald Trump has assembled the wealthiest presidential administration in modern history, with at least 13 billionaires set to take on government posts. They include a wrestling magnate, a private space pioneer, a New York real estate developer, the heir to a small appliance empire, and the wealthiest man on the planet -- with several being donors and close personal friends of the incoming president.

In total, the combined net worth of the wealthiest members of his administration could surpass $460 billion, including Department of Government Efficiency co-head Elon Musk -- whose net worth of more than $400 billion exceeds the GDP of mid-sized countries.

Even discounting Musk, Trump's cabinet is still expected to be the wealthiest in history, with reported billionaires Howard Lutnick nominated as commerce secretary, Linda McMahon nominated as education secretary, and Scott Bessent nominated as treasury secretary. Together, Trump's expected cabinet is worth at least $7 billion.

 https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-tapped-unprecedented-13-billionaires-top-administration-roles/story?id=116872968

The cartoon that allowed Ann Tellnaes to received her most recent Pulitzer accurately described the power of oligarchs in today’ society.

 A vibrant democracy needs a free press in order to survive, and the free expression of ideas can be in the form of pictures, written word, or editorial cartoons.

On occasion, those view can be fatal.

Jamal Khassogi worked for the Washington Post, but was murdered by associates of MBS in October of 2018 because he had printed columns that were critical of Saudi Arabia government.

Charlie Hebdo is a publication that has long courted controversy with satirical attacks on political and religious leaders. It published cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 2012, forcing France to temporarily close embassies and schools in more than 20 countries amid fears of reprisals. Its offices were firebombed in November 2011 after publishing a previous caricature of Muhammad on its cover

On 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 a.m. in Paris, France, the employees of the French satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo were targeted in a terrorist shooting attack by two French-born Algerian Muslim brothers, Saïd Kouachi [ardefafr] and Chérif Kouachi [ardefafr]. Armed with rifles and other weapons, the duo murdered 12 people and injured 11 others; they identified themselves as members of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, which claimed responsibility for the attack

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting

 As you are aware, the Republicans in Congress, under pressure from Trump are trying to pass a truly horrible budget bill, which is which is why the next vote is scheduled tor 1:00 in the morning. If passed, it would but Medicaid and SNAP, but would also extend the 2017 tax cutes that largely benefitted only the wealthier members of our society. It also raise the deficit. 

Since Republicans in congress don’t want to criticize Trump, it is largely up to members of society to criticize the administration as often – and Harvard’s refusal to give in to blackmail provides just one example of how that can be done.

https://www.harvard.edu/research-funding/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2025/05/Letter-from-Harvard-President-Alan-M.-Garber-to-the-Honorable-Linda-E.-McMahon.pdf

Wednesday, May 14, 2025

Marching right along

 

 

Throughout history, people have participated in marches in order to achieve a specific goal. The longest march on record is the Long March in China, which lasted from October of 1934 to October of 1935.

The Long March was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from advancing Kuomintang forces during the Chinese Civil War, occurring between October 1934 and October 1935. About 100,000 troops retreated from the Jiangxi Soviet and other bases to a new headquarters in Yan'anShaanxi, traversing some 10,000 kilometers (6,000 miles). About 8,000 troops ultimately survived the Long March.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_March

 Throughout the 20th century, there were a variety of marches in Europe and Asia.  In the United States, the best-known examples are the Bonus Army march of 1932, the march from Selma to Montgomery I in 1965, and the marches during the Vietnam War at various locations throughout the country.

The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators—17,000 veterans of U.S. involvement in World War I, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C., in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service bonus certificates. Organizers called the demonstrators the Bonus Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.), to echo the name of World War I's American Expeditionary Forces, while the media referred to them as the "Bonus Army" or "Bonus Marchers". The demonstrators were led by Walter W. Waters, a former sergeant.

Many of the war veterans had been out of work since the beginning of the Great Depression. The World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924 had awarded them bonuses in the form of certificates they could not redeem until 1945. Each certificate, issued to a qualified veteran soldier, bore a face value equal to the soldier's promised payment with compound interest. The principal demand of the Bonus Army was the immediate cash payment of their certificates.

On July 28, 1932, U.S. Attorney General William D. Mitchell ordered the veterans removed from all government property. Washington police met with resistance, shot at the protestors, and two veterans were wounded and later died. President Herbert Hoover then ordered the U.S. Army to clear the marchers' campsite. Army Chief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur commanded a contingent of infantry and cavalry, supported by six tanks. The Bonus Army marchers with their wives and children were driven out, and their shelters and belongings burned.

A second, smaller Bonus March in 1933 at the start of the Roosevelt administration was defused in May with an offer of jobs with the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) at Fort Hunt, Virginia, which most of the group accepted. Those who chose not to work for the CCC by the May 22 deadline were given transportation home. In 1936, Congress overrode President Roosevelt's veto and paid the veterans their bonus nine years early.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus_Army

Probably the most successful March of the 20th century was the march from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965, in large part because the attack on the marchers by local police as widely televised.

The first march took place on March 7, 1965, led by figures including Bevel and Amelia Boynton, but was ended by state troopers and county posse men, who charged on about 600 unarmed protesters with batons and tear gas after they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge in the direction of Montgomery. The event became known as Bloody Sunday. Law enforcement beat Boynton unconscious, and the media publicized worldwide a picture of her lying wounded on the bridge. The second march took place two days later but King cut it short as a federal court issued a temporary injunction against further marches. That night, an anti-civil rights group murdered civil rights activist James Reeb, a Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston The third march, which started on March 21, was escorted by the Alabama National Guard under federal control, the FBI and federal marshals (segregationist Governor George Wallace refused to protect the protesters). Thousands of marchers averaged 10 mi (16 km) a day along U.S. Route 80 (US 80), reaching Montgomery on March 24. The following day, 25,000 people staged a demonstration on the steps of the Alabama State Capitol.

The violence of "Bloody Sunday" and Reeb's murder resulted in a national outcry, and the marches were widely discussed in national and international news media. The protesters campaigned for a new federal voting rights law to enable African Americans to register and vote without harassment. President Lyndon B. Johnson seized the opportunity and held a historic, nationally televised joint session of Congress on March 15, asking lawmakers to pass what is now known as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He enacted it on August 6, removing obstacles for Blacks to register en masse. The march route is memorialized and designated as the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail.



 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches

(As Barry McGuire reminded us in 1965, marches alone can’t bring integration)

(622) Barry McGuire - Eve Of Destruction - YouTube)

 Starting in the late 1890’s, there were also numerous strikes in America – but that is a topic for another time.

Since January 20, there have been NUMEROUS protests across the country in response to Trump’s ill-advised executive orders – and we have attended two of them so far.

(Oddly enough, there is a European connection to the domestic protests. Trump’s orders closely follow Project 2025, which is modeled after Victor Orban’s Hungary, but even there, protests have recently started against Orban’s authoritarian leadership. Orban, by the way, has gone to at least two meetings of CPAC here, and Tucker Carlson has done a couple of shows in the country)

Hungary’s populist prime minister Saturday vowed to rid his country of those he claims work for the interests of foreign powers, saying in a conspiracy theory-laden speech that his right-wing government will eliminate a global “shadow army” that serves the European Union and a “liberal American empire.”

Meanwhile, tens of thousands gathered in central Budapest in a show of strength against the long-serving prime minister, and in support of a new political force that aims to bring an end to Orbán’s rule and his economic system in elections next year.

The dueling demonstrations, which coincided with a national holiday commemorating Hungary’s 1848 revolution against the Habsburg Empire, came as the Central European country struggles with an inflation and cost of living crisis that have helped fuel growing dissatisfaction with Orbán and his autocratic style of governance.


https://apnews.com/article/hungary-orban-crackdown-media-ngo-38776560a2edf5948482dd4839461411

(The link below details how Orban has gone from being a moderate leader to an authoritarian ruler):


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n



The March from Selma to Montgomery covered a total of 53 miles.

A more ambitious March is planned by a group that we don’t think about often – the Quakers.

 https://tucson.com/life-entertainment/nation-world/faith-values/article_12394807-a8ea-54c1-beb7-04386bbbb070.html#tracking-source=home-entertainment

 A group of Quakers is marching more than 300 miles from New York City to Washington, D.C., to demonstrate against the Trump administration's crackdown on immigrants.

The march extends a long tradition of Quaker activism. Historically, Quakers were involved in peaceful protests to end wars and slavery, and support women's voting rights in line with their commitment to justice and peace.

More recently, Quakers sued the federal government earlier this year over immigration agents' ability to make arrests at houses of worship.

Organizers of the march say their protest seeks to show solidarity with migrants and other groups that are being targeted by President Donald Trump's administration.

"It feels really daunting to be up against such critical and large and in some ways existential threats," said Jess Hobbs Pifer, 25, a Quaker and march organizer who said she felt "a connection" to the faith's long history of activism.

"I just have to put one foot in front of the other to move towards something better, something truer to what Quakers before us saw for this country and what people saw for the American Experiment, the American dream," she said.

 Their goal is to walk south from the Flushing Quaker Meeting House — across New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania — to the U.S. Capitol to deliver a copy of the "Flushing Remonstrance" — a 17th century document that called for religious freedom and opposed a ban on Quaker worship.

Quakers say it remains relevant in 2025 as a reminder to "uphold the guiding principle that all are welcome."

"We really saw a common thread between the ways that the administration is sort of flying against the norms and ideals of constitutional law and equality before the law," said Max Goodman, 28, a Quaker, who joined the march.

"Even when they aren't breaking rules explicitly," he said, "they're really engaging in bad faith with the spirit of pluralism, tolerance and respect for human dignity that undergirds our founding documents as Americans and also shows up in this document that's really important in New York Quaker history."

A Quaker history of resistance

The Religious Society of Friends — best known as the Quakers — originated in 17th century England.

The Christian group was founded by George Fox, an Englishman who objected to Anglican emphasis on ceremony. In the 1640s, he said he heard a voice that led him to develop a personal relationship with Christ, described as the Inner Light.

Fox taught that the Inner Light emancipates a person from adherence to any creed, ecclesiastical authority or ritual forms.

Brought to court for opposing the established church, Fox tangled with a judge who derided him as a "quaker" in reference to his agitation over religious matters.

Two presidents were Quakers – Herbert Hoover and Rickard Nixon, but neither one of them followed their religion closely in adult life.

It’s impossible to determine how successful the Quaker march or the protests organized by 50501 will have on Trump’s plans, but most of his plans have been defeated in court so far – and that is a good thing.